An earthquake resistant house designs have been a compulsory construction for home owners living in the ring of fire areas such as Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philipine and Japan. Just building a concrete houses will not be enough. Architects who design earthquake resistant houses must add steel frames inside the concrete beam and columns to reinforce them. A building information modeling software such as Archicad and Revit must equip themselves with structural analysis features. So far, only Revit from Autodesk that has got the structural features which can help architects design and analyze the structure of buildings.
For traditional wooden houses, the material which is mostly used is of course the wood. Wood if well preserved and dried is one of the best construction materials for houses.
In Minahasa of North Sulawesi, people build houses mainly from wood. Minahasa is a region in northern part of Sulawesi island. There are a number of active volcanoes which often erupt and cause earthquakes. So, the house construction there is mostly made from wood.
The kinds of wood which Minahasan people use are coconut, lingua, cempaka and sometimes besi or merbau. Old coconut tree which is not productive anymore in producing palm oil will then be cut and converted into home building material.
The wooden house of Minahasa looks beautiful in terms of their architecture. Architecture is the art and science of buildings. Although the traditional builders of Minahasan wooden houses have never taken any formal education, their designs are really environmentally friendly and united with the nature. Tourists who visit Minahasa often buy these wooden houses in Woloan village. This village has exported their knock down wooden houses to many countries around the world.
Wooden house can be one of the best home materials due to its earthquake resistant properties but it is not fire resistant. To minimize the risk of burning, architects must apply new design approach to their wooden house by applying fire resistant materials to some parts of the house. This can include fire resistant drapes and wall paper, as well as kitchen room made of ceramic materials.
When the new approach has been applied to the design of an earthquake resistant Minahasan house, it will be able to enter wider market of worldwide wooden house trade. I hope. by Charles Roring in Manokwari of West Papua - Indonesia, blog directory
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As naval architects, we usually begin our project design with calculations. We tend to focus more of our attention on principal dimensions such as type of ship or boat, the length overall, breadth moulded, depth moulded and prismatic and block coefficient. It is true that such principal dimensions are needed by the ship or boat designer to carry out detailed calculations including the resistance, propulsion, structural strength and the cost of construction.
Naval architects who design fishing boats frequently have to face many conflicting factors. Fishermen in Europe like to have a wide deck area to enable them to work freely during operation. The superstructure of fishing boat is therefore positioned by ship designers at the forward end of the boat. As a compromise, the rooms for the crews are positioned below the main deck next to the fish hold.
Super tankers have been part of oil trading since 1960s. They are responsible for delivering oil and gas from refineries or producing facilities to other ports around the world. The competition among companies and the increasing demand for oil and gas has been the driving force for the increasing size of the oil carriers.
I have just downloaded a ship's hull development software called Delftship. This software is developed for naval architects who are working on ship design offices or students of naval architecture around the world. In my previous article, I said that I use Fastship to develop ship's hull. Fastship is made by Proteus Engineering while Delfship is by Delftship BV in the Netherlands.
As a naval architect, I have always found difficulties in manually delineating lines plan of a ship or a boat. Calculating the principle dimensions of a ship is easy. But delineating them on a lines plan drawing is a tedious task. While I was studying Naval Architecture (Teknik Perkapalan) in Pattimura University of Ambon city in Maluku islands, I did not have any lines plan drawing software at all. This is the biggest obstacle which most students of naval architecture faced. I think it still happen in my campus. Ship design software is still expensive for students of naval architecture in Teknik Perkapalan of Pattimura University.
Houses that are built in active earthquake zone must possess high modulus of elasticity to withstand the ground movement. Usually for traditional houses, people use wood as the framework of their houses. Wood although strong and elastic in nature is combustible. Therefore, for modern building, walls are built from concrete whereas the wood pillars are covered with concrete or other non-combustible materials to prevent them from getting burned during a fire accident.
I have been reading books about house design and construction since early this month. I found that the construction practices that the Indonesian home builders have are different from the ones in Europe. Many of the houses in Indonesia have good openings to allow air circulate inside all rooms of the houses. Houses in Indonesia are located in tropical region that is hot and full of moisture. Besides, the houses are exposed to frequent rain during rainy season. Therefore, the design of the houses in this country stipulates that the houses are resistant to wet climate condition with good ventilation to keep the rooms cool during the day.
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