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Showing posts with label renewable energy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label renewable energy. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 15, 2009

Energy Efficient Wood Stove from Sonder Minahasa of Indonesia

Wood stove is still used by a lot of people at the present time. Wood as renewable energy resource is still important in supporting households both in developing as well as industrialized countries. In the developing countries, wood stoves are used for cooking whereas in modern countries they are used for warming rooms of houses during the winter.
When I was in Sonder of Minahasa Indonesia, I saw wood stoves. They were being dried under the sun by a worker. When the price of kerosene was going up, Minahasan people stopped using their kerosene and gas stoves and returned to wood stoves.
Will the wood stove trigger the deforestation of tropical rainforest in Indonesia? My answer is No. When people see that the price of wood for cooking is good, they will plant trees that grow fast to meet the demand of the wood market. In Minahasa, it is not only wood that is used as cooking material. The coconut shell is one of the best cooking fuels. Coconut trees which are not productive will be cut and turned into raw material for furniture industry. Some of the unused coconut wood will be sold as cooking fuel.
Wood stove is very energy efficient compared to fire place that we often see in houses in Western Countries. Its design is very small and with only three to five small pieces of woods, a homemaker can cook food for her family's breakfast, lunch and dinner. The price of a wood stove in Sonder of Minahasa Indonesia was Rp. 30,000 or around 3 USD dollars. It is made of clay and fine sand. However it will be difficult to ship it to international buyers due to the expensive shipping cost.
Wood stove is still the most preferred choice of cooking equipment in developing countries even in today's internet era. by Charles Roring in Manokwari of West Papua - Indonesia

Friday, July 18, 2008

Harnessing Energy from Trash

Britain is taking another important step in reducing its dependency on fossil fuel as energy resource. This summer this country is constructing its first gasification plant worth of 16 million US dollar with a capacity of 2.3 MW in Isle of Wight . The plant will turn 30,000 tons of rubbish a year into gas and burn it to produce electricity for 2,000 homes. The plant will be constructed by Energos, a Norwegian energy company.

During the gasification process, the waste will be mixed with small amount of oxygen, and then heated at high temperature of around 1,830 degrees Fahrenheit. The technique is similar to the gasification of coal to produce syngas.
Last year Britain tossed 16.9 million tons of trash into landfills - this amount is higher than any European countries. Although Britain has allocated 109 square miles for waste burial, it may run out of space within nine years. Landfills release methane which is a major greenhouse gas.
Engineers stated that the trash the UK throws away could produce 17% of its energy needs. Britain might build incinerators but besides they are expensive, they also release many pollutants from their smokestacks. Many environmentalists object to waste to energy schemes instead they recommend more recycling efforts. However, there are economical and practical limits to how much waste can be recycled.
Burning city waste to produce energy does not mean that city dwellers can enjoy cheap electricity. The installation of gasification plant costs a lot of money and the company has to sell the electricity in a price where it can make a fair return of investment. by Charles Roring

Wednesday, July 16, 2008

Stirling Energy Systems(Solar)

Stirling Energy Systems, Inc. (SES) is a developer of solar power generation equipment for utility-scale power plants. SES has developed an innovative and highly efficient solar energy technology that is ready for commercialization. The Company's unique technology, the SunCatcher TM, combines a mirrored concentrator dish with a high-efficiency Stirling engine specially designed to convert sunlight to electricity.

SES has contracts to build and operate two large power projects with major Californian utilities for up to 1,750 megawatts (MW) of power, representing the world's two largest solar power contracts ever granted. Collectively, these contracts require up to 70,000 SunCatchers and further validate the commercial appeal of the technology.
SES is actively engaged in the commercialization of the SunCatcher, including continuing to prepare the system for mass production, completing project site-development and pre-construction activities and establishing partnerships with substantial manufacturing and industrial organizations to develop a cost-effective manufacturing process and supply chain.
SES was formed in the United States as a Nevada corporation in 1996 and was reincorporated in Delaware in March 2006. The Company maintains its corporate headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. The company's project and technical development offices are located in Tustin, California and its engineering and test site operations are located at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
(c) 2008 SES Stirling Energy Systems - http://www.stirlingenergy.com/default.asp

Monday, July 14, 2008

Alternative Energy Systems

By the Mother Earth News editors

WHAT IS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY?
To move us away from dependence upon non-renewable oil, gas and coal, and high-risk nuclear power, alternative energy systems utilize renewable resources for electricity, heating, cooling and transportation. Alternative energy also encompasses efforts to use nonrenewable natural resources in more sustainable, environmentally benign ways.


WHY SHOULD WE SWITCH TO ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY?
Emerging Technology
The more we rely on renewable energy, the less dependent we are on the fragile electric power grid and nonrenewable, polluting fossil fuels. With world oil and gas supplies dwindling, experts estimate that the costs of gas, electricity and other conventional energy sources will increase significantly in the coming years. Some fear rising energy costs will severely disrupt the world economy.

There are many ways to create and use energy efficiently and sustainably, and the technology to do so is becoming more available and affordable than ever. In 2004, for example, shares of the world's 24 publicly traded solar companies soared nearly 185 percent. Experts predict the solar photovoltaics (PV) market will grow from $7 billion to $30 billion by 2010. Even some national home improvement stores are beginning to sell alternative energy systems for home use.

Financial Incentives and Rebates
Buying a renewable energy system is more affordable than ever thanks to rebates, tax breaks (personal tax credits and property tax exemptions) and low-interest loans from state governments, local utilities and even private companies. Depending on where you live, renewable energy subsidies can reduce the cost of a wind- or solar- powered system by more than half of the total expense. In Rhode Island, for example, residents can receive a rebate for up to 50 percent of the cost of a photovoltaic (PV) system. In other states, such as New Jersey, rebates of up to 70 percent of system costs are available. California and Illinois will reimburse up to 60 percent of your wind or solar system costs.

As natural gas and oil prices rise and electric grid problems mount, an increasing number of cities and states are setting ambitious targets for boosting renewable energy production. New programs continue to pop up across the nation -- visit www.dsireusa.org (the Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy) to learn more about what's available in your area.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY?

Some of the ways we can tap alternative, renewable sources of energy include our efforts to generate power, heat and cool our homes, heat our water, cook our food, and get around.
The technology to generate electric power from sources other than coal and petroleum is rapidly advancing. A few of these methods are wind energy; micro-hydroelectric power; and active solar power, including crystalline and thin-film photovoltaics (PV). These alternative system can be installed 'off the grid' or connected to the utility company ('grid-tied').

Sustainable means of heating and cooling homes include passive solar power systems (with attention to site orientation, south-facing windows, thermal mass and landscaping); geothermal heat pumps (both air-source and ground-source); biodiesel for home heat; heating water with solar collectors; and traditional wood heating.

Alternative transportation has become an important issue now that the price of oil has surged to over $50 a barrel. The technology to build gas-electric hybrid automobiles that are both more energy-efficient and less dependent on gasoline is quickly becoming mainstream, and the incentives to purchase these cars include federal tax breaks and a substantial payback in savings at the gas pump.

Nuclear power is the only green solution

"Nuclear power is the only green solution" is a direct quote from famed British environmentalist and atmospheric scientist, James Lovelock, father of the Gia theory of a living planet earth.



British scientist James Lovelock, father of the living earth Gaia theory, has stated that nuclear power is the only way to have a large human population on planet earth without causing global warming and destroying the environment. Please read James Lovelock's public statement on nuclear energy, Nuclear power is the only green solution. Lovelock states that "We have no time to experiment with visionary energy sources; civilization is in imminent danger." Nuclear power is the only technology that can produce an extremely high volume of energy using just a tiny amount of land and at reasonable cost, all without emitting significant amounts of greenhouse gases.

Every year the human race burns the equivalent of 400 years worth of total planetary vegetation in the condensed form of fossil fuels, so it is obviously impossible to replace all of that concentrated biomass energy by growing a relatively small volume of biofuel crops. The one and only energy source large enough to replace that massive fossilized energy reservoir is nuclear power. The mass of an atom is in its nucleus, not in its electrons, and as E=MC2 the nucleus is where the really BIG energy is stored. The tiny energy potential created by bonding and unbonding electrons through chemical reactions in the growth of vegetation must be amplified over centuries by the gradual process of fossilization in order to make it strong enough to power a heavily populated, industrialized planet.

We can slow global warming by creating an infrastructure based on nuclear energy, improved electric car battery technology, and the use of new technology to make superior quality, sulfur free gasoline and jet fuel from atmospheric carbon dioxide. [see Green Freedom 1.8mb pdf] This new energy scheme is cheaper and more practical than using hydrogen as fuel, because it is completely compatible with current vehicles and our existing energy distribution infrastructure. Intense heat from lower cost, higher temperature helium cooled prismatic block and/or pebble bed reactors is used to break down carbon dioxide into its component parts, carbon monoxide and oxygen. The carbon monoxide can then be combined with water in a catalytic process to make either pure hydrogen gas or more easily transportable liquid synthetic fuels that can be burned in ordinary automobile engines. Initially, the viability of this scheme could be demonstrated by using electrolysis of water to produce the needed hydrogen gas, using electricity generated from lower temperature water cooled nuclear reactors.

Nuclear power currently produces only 19.4% of our nation's electricity, so we need to build more nuclear power plants now using mass production techniques if we want to slow global warming. Nuclear fuel can be reprocessed over and over again, because only a tiny portion of the nuclear material is actually used up during each fuel cycle. When you reprocess fuel there is very little high level waste that needs to be stored at the Yucca Mountain Repository because the "waste" is reused as fuel. If you consider current stockpiles of nuclear fuel leftover from weapons programs, the amount of uranium easily available in the earth's crust for mining, the use of abundant thorium as fuel, and the benefits of using breeder reactors for recycling, then the world has enough nuclear fuel to last for at least 10,000 years.

Current nuclear power plants efficiently output 93 times more energy than they consume over their lifespan, including the energy used in their construction and decommissioning, but even that impressive figure can be improved upon. The art of nuclear power plant design has the potential to advance by leaps and bounds, becoming more efficient, cheaper, and safer. [see Generation IV nuclear power plant concepts] Even beyond the latest fourth generation nuclear power plant designs, there are credible proposals to use nanotechnology to achieve the direct conversion of nuclear energy to electricity without the use of turbines, making nuclear power plants stable, essentially solid state devices that run cold and have few moving parts. These advanced design concepts include electronically controlled nuclear reflectors for ultra-light radiation shielding, which would reduce the size and cost of nuclear reactors to a tiny fraction of today's designs. These developments could eventually lead to a portable 1 gigawatt or larger reactor that could be constructed in a factory and shipped to site on a single truck. [See Nanomaterial turns radiation directly into electricity (more details)]

The fears Americans have about civilian nuclear power plants are largely unfounded. One lone disaster that occurred at an obsolete Ukrainian reactor is insufficient reason to be eternally afraid of all nuclear power plants across the board. The old Chernobyl reactor used a dangerous design that has never been used in the West, and which did not even have a containment vessel. The 1986 Chernobyl accident was caused by Soviet engineers conducting irresponsible experiments that were unrelated to normal civilian power production, and which would never be allowed in the West. The Chernobyl accident killed a total of 56 people, a great tragedy, but not a nation killing disaster.

Nuclear power plants in America have an excellent record for safety and pollution free operation. By contrast, the over 600 coal burning power plants which produce 49% of our nation's electricity unleash tremendous pollution. They emit acid rain creating sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, tons of toxic mercury, and an enormous skyward bound river of carbon dioxide gas which represents 10% of all CO2 emissions worldwide. Coal power plants also spew out thorium and uranium (see article), both radioactive metals which naturally accumulate in coal. Incredibly, the potential nuclear energy value of these trace metals far exceeds the energy value of the combustible carbon content of the coal itself. Coal power plants release microscopic particulate matter, which clogs the lungs and is attributed to causing approximately 24,000 premature deaths in the United States every year; 428 times the Chernobyl death toll!

Prismatic block and pebble bed reactors are inherently meltdown proof due to the basic laws of physics. If the reactor's cooling system should fail, the core temperature automatically lowers itself to safe levels without mechanical intervention. Building new, more efficient standardized nuclear power plants using mass production techniques for major structural and control components can make nuclear power a bargain. Just like manufacturing television sets, the more you build using the same proven design the cheaper they become. If we build enough standardized reactors, it is conceivable that we could cut the cost of nuclear power in half, which could mean an essentially endless supply of sulfur free synthetic gasoline that sells for $2.00 a gallon at the pump.

Christopher Calder - http://home.att.net/~meditation/bio-fuel-hoax.html

Nuclear power is the only carbon free energy source that can replace fossil fuels, ...period!

From my web page at: http://home.att.net/~meditation/bio-fuel-hoax.html


We go nuclear, or we go extinct!

SEE - http://www.ecolo.org/media/articles/articles.in.english/love-indep-24-05-04.htm

Sunday, July 13, 2008

Hydrogen refuel station unveiled


ITM Power's Jim Heathcoate demonstrates a car fuelled by home-brewed hydrogen

A hydrogen refuelling station which could be installed in the home as an alternative to visiting a petrol station has been unveiled. Users will need a hydrogen-powered car to go with it although the system can also be used for heating and cooking. Hydrogen has long been touted as an alternative energy source to carbon-hungry fossil fuels. One of the biggest obstacles to wider adoption of fuel-cell vehicles is the lack of hydrogen fuelling stations. To be used as a fuel, hydrogen must first be produced using another energy source. While some scientists are hopeful of the fuel uses of hydrogen, many others are sceptical because it is inefficient to produce, expensive to transport and to convert into electricity. A home refuelling station could provide much needed infrastructure to kick-start a hydrogen-based economy, thinks Sheffield-based ITM Power, the firm behind the system.

Sunday, July 6, 2008

Cellulosic ethanol commercialization


Cellulosic ethanol commercialization can contribute to a successful renewable fuels future. Companies such as Iogen, Broin, and Abengoa are all building refineries that can process biomass and turn it into ethanol, while companies such as Diversa, Novozymes, and Dyadic are producing enzymes and Butalco[58] is developing improved yeast strains, which could enable a cellulosic ethanol future. The shift from food crop feedstocks to waste residues and native grasses offers significant opportunities for a range of players, from farmers to biotechnology firms, and from project developers to investors.[59]


A biorefinery built to produce 1.4 million gallons of ethanol a year from cellulosic biomass has opened in Jennings, LA. Built by Verenium, based in Cambridge, MA, the plant makes ethanol from agricultural waste left over from processing sugarcane. [60] Gulf Ethanol Corporation [3] (GFET) announced in June 2008 that it has established an R&D facility dedicated to refining the design of its cellulosic feedstock preprocessor. Cellulosic feedstock is used to produce ethanol from non-food products.


The new facility will be focused on enhancing the system for commercial delivery as a solution for cellulosic feedstock processing in ethanol production. Equipment and feedstocks are being acquired to analyze the throughput capacity, energy requirements, and scalability of the system. This equipment can improve the efficiencies of cellulosic feedstock and provide ethanol producers with an alternative to corn. Initial experiences with components of the system lead the company to believe that the system will significantly improve process times and net ethanol yield from cellulosic feedstocks


An ethanol production plant, capable of producing fifty million gallons of ethanol per year, is projected to continuously require the equivalent of a truckload of sorghum every five minutes. Initial experiences with components of the system indicate that large quantities could be processed with cost effective energy consumption. The focus of the R&D facility will be to quantify the precise parameters of the systems operations and evaluate the engineering requirements to scale the unit to handle the quantities of feedstock that a commercially viable cellulosic ethanol. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol



Monday, June 16, 2008

Hydro Power, a potencial scheme for Remote villages

by Charles Roring

One of the renewable energy resources is hydro power. The electrical energy is produced by converting the potential energy of a flowing fluid, which is water, into mechanical and then electrical one. Hydro power is attractive if there is huge a water fall near a big city. But such a scenery is hardly found everywhere. Many big waterfalls are located far from densely populated areas. Building a big hydro power plant in remote areas needs various kinds of considerations both from technical and economical points of view.

If we travel to villages in the mountainous region, we will see that many of them are under-developed due to their isolated locations. It is the task of a government to stimulate development. The most suitable way for accelerating development is by installing power plants that use renewable energy.

In many cases, remote villages are located near high slope rivers and waterfalls.

I have an interesting story for you. Two year ago, I traveled to Tincep, a small village in Sonder district, Minahasa Regency, the Province of North Sulawesi. This village has three waterfalls which can be utilised to generate electricity. If we construct power plants in those waterplants we can supply electrical energy for the village and more than one hundred villages and towns in the region.

Special scheme can be adopted to construct such hydro-powerplant. Private companies build the power plant and sell the electricity to PLN (the only state owned electrical company). The some of the revenues from the plant can be given to village authority for the development of the village.

By getting enough supply of electricity, the village will be able to promote their own export comodity i.e. various kinds of tropical flowers which have been famous in the province. Tincep village has three waterfalls (one of them is shown in the picture) and flower market. The flowers are displayed in front of the villagers houses.

Electricity is also needed by the Sonder district and Minahasa region to promote tourism industry and attract tourists or travellers from around the world. North Sulawesi is one of tourists destinations in Indonesia besides Bali, Yogyakarta and Toraja. There are many hotels in Manado, Tomohon and Bitung. Minahasa also has a world class underwater coral in Bunaken sea park. Other attractions from Minahasa villages are their farming activities, food, traditional customs and active volcanoes. We will be able to better promote the region if we have enough supply of electricity.

Hydro power in the form of micro-hydro power plant is more cost effective for small villages. They don't need a lot of money to install.

Sunday, June 8, 2008

WEST PAPUAN VILLAGES DO NOT HAVE GOOD ACCESS ON ELECTRICITY

Sairo, a small village which is located in the northern coast of West Papua, can be reached within 15 minutes drive from Manokwari. Like many other West Papuan villages, Sairo doesn't have electricity. It has a number of water falls that can be utilized to generate electricity but the locals do not have the know how to do it.
I surveyed the waterfalls last year. The highest one was around one or two kilometers walking from the village. In the past, the village was called Pami. Then, it was split into several small villages. I only remember Sairo.
After doing the survey and making the calculation on the potential energy and the amount of electricity which we can generate from the waterfall, I gave the proposal to my friend so that he could send it to any organizations abroad to obtain funding.
We waited for one year but we did not get any answers. At the end of 2007, workers from PLN (the only state owned electrical company) installed cables, switch and lamp sockets in every house in those villages promising the villagers that they would enjoy electricity before Christmas. They could not fulfill their promise.